The role of clinical nutrition services is emphasized in the care of chronic diseases; the prevalence of chronic diseases continues to increase due to the living environment change, westernized dietary life and the aging population in Korea. The effectiveness of clinical nutrition services in the treatment of diseases in inpatients has been demonstrated in several studies. However, in recent days, innovative changes are pursued in clinical nutrition services through a convergence with information and communication technology (ICT), a core technology of the fourth industrial revolution such as big data, deep learning, and artificial intelligence (AI). The health care environment is changing from a medical treatment-oriented service to a preventive and personalized paradigm. Furthermore, we live in an era of personalization where we can personalize dietary aspects including food choice, cooking recipes, and nutrition in daily life. In addition, ICT technology can build a personalized nutrition platform in consideration of individual patient's diseases, genetic trait, and environment, all of which can be technical means in personalized nutrition management services. Personalized nutrition based on ICT technology is able to provide more standardized and high-quality clinical nutrition services to the patients. The purpose of this review is to examine the core technologies of the fourth industrial revolution affecting clinical nutrition services, and ultimately discuss how clinical nutrition professional should respond to ICT technology-related fields in the era of the new technological innovations.
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Adequate nutritional support in critically ill patients is important, however, sometimes it has been neglected in perioperative period of patients at surgical intensive care units (SICU). The aim of this study was to investigate whether approaching target calorie intake of surgical patients influences on their clinical outcomes. A total of 279 patients who admitted at SICU in perioperative period from August 2014 to July 2016 at our hospital were analyzed. Demographics, supplied calorie amount and its method, lengths of SICU and hospital stay, and mortality of study population were collected. Among 279 patients, 103 patietns (36.9%) approached target calorie intake during SICU stay. Patients who approached target calorie intake had significantly decreased length of stay in SICU (10.78 ± 11.5 vs. 15.3 ± 9.9, p = 0.001) and hospital (54.52 ± 40.6 vs. 77.72±62.2, p < 0.001), than those did not, however there was no significant difference of mortality (9.7% vs. 8.5%, p = 0.829). Enteral feeding was a significant factor for target calorie achievement (odd ratio [OR], 2.029; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.096–3.758; p = 0.024) and especially in patients with ≤ 7 days of SICU stay (OR, 4.13; 95% CI, 1.505–11.328; p = 0.006). Target calorie achievement in surgical patients improves clinical outcomes and enteral feeding, especially in early postoperative period would be an effective route of nutrition.
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Our purpose was to assess the association between plant-based dietary patterns and breast cancer (BrCa) among Iranian women. This hospital-based case-control study included 150 newly diagnosed BrCa cases and 150 age-matched controls from the Cancer Research Center, Imam Khomeini hospital, Iran. Three indices of a plant-based diet were first calculated: plant-based diet index (PDI), the healthy PDI (hPDI), and the unhealthy PDI (uPDI). In the overall PDI, all plant foods scored positively. In hPDI and uPDI, healthy and less healthy plant foods scored positive, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) in the highest adherence of PDI was 1.00 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.55–1.83). In hPDI, 0.89 (95% CI, 0.49–1.62); in uPDI, 1.80 (95% CI, 0.95–3.42). The adjusted OR after subgroup analysis for body mass index (BMI) was as follow, BMI > 25: 0.77(95% CI, 0.37–1.61) comparing highest with the lowest tertile of PDI, 0.91(95% CI, 0.44–1.89) comparing highest with the lowest tertile of hPDI and this value for uPDI was 2.04 (95% CI, 0.91–4.56). BMI < 25: OR for top tertile of PDI was 1.82 (95% CI, 0.48–6.93), top tertile of hPDI was 1.47 (95% CI, 0.35–6.22) and top tertile of uPDI was 2.29 (95% CI, 0.54–9.70). Our results revealed no significant association between none of the PDIs and the chance of BrCa in Iranian women. Continued and expanded research, evaluated by different methods and BrCa is urgently needed to build the foundation for future progress in evidence-based public health efforts.
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Migraine is a widespread incapacitating neurologic disorder with debilitating headaches which are usually throbbing due to inefficacy and several side effects, complementary therapies recommended as possible alternatives. The current randomized controlled trial was carried out to evaluate the effect of zinc gluconate supplementation on migraine-related symptoms, serum level of high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and lipid profile in migraineurs. Present study was designed as randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Sixty women with migraine (mean age of 35.44
Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials Identifier:
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Hypertension is a major health issues globally. Multiple genetic and environmental factors are involved in hypertension etiology. Solute carrier family 35 member F3 (SLC35F3) is a type of transporter uptakes thiamin across the cellular and mitochondrial membrane. Recent studies suggested that variations in
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There is a growing body of evidence linking vitamin D and its antiadipogenic activity with body composition. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between vitamin D levels, visceral adiposity index (VAI), and lipid accumulation product index among a group of Iranian people. This cross-sectional study was conducted with 270 Iranian adults. Body composition was measured via bio-impedance analysis. The 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] was also measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The VAI and lipid accumulation product index were calculated. Multiple linear and logistic regression after controlling for confounder was used to report the results. Multiple linear regression showed that serum 25(OH)D levels were positively correlated with age (crude: β ± standard error [SE] = 0.23 ± 0.06, p ≤ 0.001; model I: β ± SE = 0.18 ± 0.05, p = 0.002) and percent body fat (crude: β ± SE = 0.10 ± 0.04, p = 0.02). Binary logistic regression analysis showed a higher chance of greater percent body fat and lipid accumulation product index in the crude model (odds ratio [OR], 2.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13–3.72 for percent body fat and OR, 2.07; 95% CI, 1.14–3.76 for lipid accumulation product index), which disappeared after adjusting for covariates. Adults with higher vitamin D levels had higher scores of percent body fat and lipid accumulation product index. More longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these results.
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In this study, we assessed the association between the dietary phytochemical index (DPI) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among adults in a cross-sectional study. We enrolled 850 adult men and women aged 18–65 years who had been referred to health centers in Tehran, Iran. The DPI was calculated based on 8 components including fruits, vegetables, legumes, whole grains, soy products, nuts, seeds, olive, and olive oil. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) of the MetS across quartiles of the DPI were calculated using the logistic regression analysis, adjusting for age, energy intake, marital status, education status, occupation, smoking status, physical activity, and body mass index. The mean age of participants was 44.7 ± 10.7, of whom 69% were women. The prevalence of MetS was 30.5%. The mean score of DPI in women and men was 36.2 ± 26.8 and 33.7 ± 24.7, respectively. There was no significant association between DPI and odds of MetS in men (ORfourth vs. first quartile,1.57; 95% CI, 0.64–3.84) and women (ORfourth vs. first quartile, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.50–1.49) in the fully adjusted model. There was an inverse association between DPI and increased risk of central obesity in women (ORfourth vs. first quartile, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.29–1.00; p trend = 0.03). There was no significant association between DPI and other components of the MetS in men and women. Finally, we observed no significant association between the DPI and the odds of MetS. However, the finding suggests that having a phytochemical-rich diet can be inversely associated with abdominal obesity.
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Patients with heart failure (HF) need nutritional management such as sodium restriction and healthy eating habits to relieve symptoms and to manage chronic disease. This case study examined 3 patients who had different nutritional problems and responded positively to the nutrition management program. Patient 1 and 2 had high levels of energy intake and were obese. Patient 1 had a habit of irregular binge eating and frequently consumed sweetened snacks and fast foods. He was advised to eat regular 3 meals per day with balanced food choices. He decreased his energy consumption to the recommenced intake and his body mass index had dropped to 22.9 kg/m2 by his second follow-up visit. Patients 2 ate 3 meals regularly but ate a large amount of food. Although he decreased his energy intake to 97% of the recommended intake, he should be advised to increase his protein intake at the 1st follow-up session because he decreased his protein intake less than 90% of the recommended amount. Patient 3 reduced food intake by half due to dyspnea caused by HF before hospitalization, but symptoms improved after discharge and his energy as well as sodium intake increased. In the second follow-up, his nutritional diagnosis was excessive sodium intake and nutritional intervention was performed to reduce sodium intake. This study showed that additional nutritional problems might arise throughout the nutritional intervention process. Therefore, follow-up nutritional counseling should be held to evaluate the compliance with the nutrition management guidelines and to decide whether additional nutrition problems are suggested.
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