Calcium plays a major role in apoptosis, cell proliferation, and various cellular mechanisms. It is also essential for the function of the pancreas. However, the association between calcium intake and pancreatic cancer is not clear. This study aims to clarify the links between calcium intake and pancreatic cancer risk using a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched for eligible articles published through 31 August 2023. Case-control and cohort studies reporting the association between dietary and/or supplemental calcium intake and risk of pancreatic cancer using relative risk (RR), hazard ratio (HR), or odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were included. Meta-analysis using a random effect model was used to estimate the significance of the association. Eight studies were included. An inverse association between total calcium intake (dietary and supplement) and pancreatic cancer risk (RR, 0.83; 95% CI, 0.72–0.97; I2 = 0%) was observed. However, the association between dietary calcium intake alone and pancreatic cancer risk did not reach a statistically significant level (RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.78–1.06; I2 = 48%). Higher total calcium intake may reduce the risk of pancreatic cancer but the difference between sources of calcium (dietary vs. supplementation) requires further investigation. Also, due to the heterogeneity between the articles, the results of this study should be interpreted with caution.
PROSPERO Identifier:
The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize all the existing randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evidence and to evaluate the effects of magnesium supplementation on serum magnesium, calcium and urinary magnesium concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes compared with the control. Two independent authors systematically searched online databases including Embase, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science from inception until 30th January 2022. RCTs complying with the inclusion criteria were included in this meta-analysis. The heterogeneity among the included studies was assessed using Cochrane’s Q test and I-square (I2) statistic. Data were pooled using a random-effects model and weighted mean difference (WMD) was considered as the overall effect size. Sixteen trials were included in this meta-analysis. Serum magnesium (mean difference, 0.15 mg/dL; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06 to 0.23; p = 0.001) and urinary magnesium (WMD, 1.99 mg/dL; 95% CI, 0.36 to 3.62; p = 0.017) concentrations were significantly increased after magnesium supplementation when compared with the control group. However, magnesium supplementation did not have any significant effect on serum calcium (WMD, −0.09 mg/dL; 95% CI, −0.27 to 0.08; p = 0.294) level when compared with the control group. This meta-analysis demonstrated that magnesium supplementation significantly increased Serum magnesium levels which may have played an indirect role in improved clinical symptoms in patients with type 2 diabetes.
Citations
Calcium, one of the most important nutrients, determines the quality of life of the elderly. It has been reported that 7 out of 10 people over the age of 60 have insufficient calcium intake. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of calcium fortified beverage (CFB) intake on insulin sensitivity and antioxidant metabolism in healthy elderly. A crossover clinical trial was performed and antioxidant status of healthy elderly (age above 65 years, n = 8) was analyzed. Subjects did not take CFB for 0–3 weeks. They then took it for 3–6 weeks. CFB supplementation decreased insulin levels (Δ3–6 weeks: 1.19 ± 0.65 μ IU/mL → Δ0–3 weeks: −0.58 ± 0.38 μ IU/mL). Increasing degree of fasting blood glucose level was suppressed by intake of CFB, although the suppression was not statistically significant. Except for insulin, there were no significant differences in results of biochemical analysis between 0–3 weeks and 3–6 weeks. Catalase activity was significantly increased by CFB supplementation (Δ3–6 weeks: 3.50 ± 5.30 K g/Hb) compared to the no CFB supplementation period (Δ0–3 weeks: −12.48 ± 4.37 K g/Hb). However, the activity of superoxide dismutase and glutathione-peroxidase were not significantly different between 0–3 weeks and 3–6 weeks. H2O2-induced DNA oxidative damage was also decreased significantly by CFB supplementation. Taken together, these results indicate that CFB has beneficial effect on insulin sensitivity and some antioxidant enzymes in healthy elderly.
Citations
This study aimed to utilize structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques to determine the effects of dietary calcium, protein and vitamin D on adiposity and lipidemia and to assess mediatory effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) in patients with type 2 diabetes. In this cross-sectional study, a total of 150 diabetic patients (93 females and 57 males) were randomly selected. Anthropometric measures, biochemical analyses, and fat mass percent were recorded. Nutritional data were collected. SEM was performed. Based on the primary hypothesis, adiposity and lipidemia were fitted in a model. The direct effects of dietary calcium (λ = –0.165, p value = 0.002) and PTH (λ = –0.143, p value = 0.011) were significantly associated with lipidemia. There were no significant effects for dietary protein on PTH (λ = –0.270, p value = 0.057), 25(OH)D (λ = –0.071, p value = 0.613), lipidemia (λ = –0.044; p value = 0.638) or adiposity (λ = –0.009, p value = 0.949) as well as for dietary vitamin D on PTH (λ = –0.119, p value = 0.194), 25(OH)D (λ = 0.023, p value = 0.806), lipidemia (λ = 0.034, p value = 0.587) or adiposity (λ = –0.221, p value = 0.118). The correlation between calcium intake and lipidemia, and adiposity are not mediated by 25(OH)D and PTH. There were the direct effects of dietary calcium on adiposity in patients with type 2 diabetes. The model can be tested in future longitudinal and intervention studies to identify the predictors of obesity.
Calcium intake is essential for bone health, but young Korean women have low calcium intakes. Seaweeds have high calcium content, which may affect calcium metabolism. Twenty nine females aged 18–39 years with low calcium intake (< 400 mg/day) participated in a 19-day open-label randomized controlled trial. During the first five days, participants adhered to a controlled-feeding protocol followed by a two-week supplementation period in free-living conditions. The treatment group (n = 14) received an additional 200 mg Ca/day through
Clinical Research Information Service Identifier:
Citations
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between coffee consumption and bone status (bone mineral density and bone metabolism-related markers) according to calcium intake level in Korean young adult males. Healthy and nonsmoking males (19-26 years, n = 330) participated in this study. Anthropometric measurements, dietary habits, and nutrient intakes were surveyed. Bone status of the calcaneus was measured by using quantitative ultrasound (QUS). Bone metabolism-related markers including serum total alkaline phosphatase activity (TALP), N-mid osteocalcin (OC), and type 1 collagen C-terminal telopeptide (1CTP) were analyzed. The subjects were divided into two groups based on daily calcium intake level: a calcium-sufficient group (calcium intake ≥ 75% RI, n = 171) and a calcium-deficient group (calcium intake < 75% RI, n = 159). Each group was then further divided into three subgroups based on daily average coffee consumption: no-coffee, less than one serving of coffee per day, and one or more servings of coffee per day. There were no significant differences in height, body weight, body mass index, energy intake, or calcium intake among the three coffee consumption subgroups. QUS parameters and serum 1CTP, TALP, and OC were not significantly different among either the two calcium-intake groups or the three coffee consumption subgroups. Our results may show that current coffee consumption level in Korean young men is not significantly associated with their bone status and metabolism according to the calcium intake level.
Citations
The incidence of kidney stones is common in the United States and treatments for them are very costly. This review article provides information about epidemiology, mechanism, diagnosis, and pathophysiology of kidney stone formation, and methods for the evaluation of stone risks for new and follow-up patients. Adequate evaluation and management can prevent recurrence of stones. Kidney stone prevention should be individualized in both its medical and dietary management, keeping in mind the specific risks involved for each type of stones. Recognition of these risk factors and development of long-term management strategies for dealing with them are the most effective ways to prevent recurrence of kidney stones.
Citations
Calcium is an essential nutrient that is necessary for many functions in human health. Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the body with 99% found in teeth and bone. Only 1% is found in serum. The serum calcium level is tightly monitored to remain within normal range by a complex metabolic process. Calcium metabolism involves other nutrients including protein, vitamin D, and phosphorus. Bone formation and maintenance is a lifelong process. Early attention to strong bones in childhood and adulthood will provide more stable bone mass during the aging years. Research has shown that adequate calcium intake can reduce the risk of fractures, osteoporosis, and diabetes in some populations. The dietary requirements of calcium and other collaborative nutrients vary slightly around the world. Lactose intolerance due to lactase deficiency is a common cause of low calcium intake. Strategies will be discussed for addressing this potential barrier to adequate intake. The purpose of this narrative review is a) to examine the role of calcium in human health, b) to compare nutrient requirements for calcium across lifecycle groups and global populations, c) to review relationships between calcium intake, chronic disease risk, and fractures, and d) to discuss strategies to address diet deficiencies and lactose intolerance.
Citations
First
Prev
